Next I tried wadding with a bare ball and got another surprise. I ran down a wad of tow, dropped in the ball, and followed it with another wad of tow. I didn't even try to measure, weigh or otherwise be sure the amount of tow was consistent. The five shot group was actually better than the one I fired with PRB. See the photo. I think I hear Mario laughing from here.
When I shot with paper cartridges, it in effect was a paper patched ball.
For instance, with a .755" bore, start with a .690" ball (like the Brits used) an make the outer diameter of the cartridge just a bit smaller than .755". The idea is to dump the charge down the bore and then stuff the ball down, still wrapped in the cartridge paper.
For rapid fire, or when the bore started to get fouled, simply dump powder, then drop/ram the ball down bore forgoing the paper. Historically they would drop the ball and tap the butt on the ground to seat it against the powder. I DO NOT RECOMMEND THIS PRACTICE.
However, I have done it for the experimental value. You CAN feel when the ball goes all the way down (I checked with my rod) and you CAN feel when it hangs up.
I used this method for an informal shoot a few years ago, against shooters using PRB and cartridges and placed #8 of 30-ish shooters.
Mario